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I. Uniqueness of the Human Mind
II. Evolution of the Human Mind
III. Neurological Basis of Conscious Experience
Reference

Website 1.1: movie “Ape Genius” (Nova, 2008) documents an amazing range of problems that can be solved by chimpanzees. The website features several video clips. Purchase DVD at Amazon.com

Website 1.2: "Human Ape", video documentary on National Geographic Channel, March 17, 2008, directed by Martin Gorst, written by Yavar Abbas. The website features several video clips.

Video 1.1: A chimpanzee is hunting with the use of a spear. (Alternative server)

Video 1.2: A chimpanzee seems to enjoy smoking a cigarette. (Alternative server)

Video 1.3: Social behavior. Not appropriate for children. (Alternative server)

Video 1.4: Social behavior. Not appropriate for children.

Grooming: Video A , Video B,

Video 1.5: A gibbon in a jungle aggravating two tiger cubs simply for the fun and joy of it.

Video 1.6: A monkey amuses itself by grabbing a dog first by the tail and then by the leg. (Alternative server)

Video 1.8: Chimpanzee enjoys the pool.

Video 1.10A: Young chimps were much better than university students in counting tests devised by Dr. Matsuzawa. (Alternative server)

Video 1.10B: Masking task (Ayumu, 9 numerals) (Alternative server)

Video 1.10C: The numbers are displayed for just 0.210 second, Chimpanzee Ayumu scores about 80% (Alternative server)

Video 1.10D: The numbers are displayed for just 0.210 second, the best humans score about 40% (Alternative server)

Video 1.10E: The memory lasted for 10 seconds (Alternative server)

Video 1.10 Complete library of the chimpanzee experiments conducted by Dr. Matsuzawa - no commentaries.

Video 1.10 National Geographic: Dr. Matsuzawa interview and commentaries.

Also see "Human Ape", video documentary on National Geographic Channel, March 17, 2008, directed by Martin Gorst, written by Yavar Abbas.

Video 1.15: A naïve dog lacks the ability to visually plan the action in its mind. (Alternative server)

Video 1.16: Bonobo starts fire, plays Pac-Man, drives a golf cart, plays with a morrow, performs a haircut, makes and uses stone tools, writes lexigrams. By Susan Savage-Rumbaugh. Upright walking is compared between bonobo, chimpanzee, human, and australopithecus

Video 1.17. Chimps Attack Leopard Mockup

Website 2.1: San Diego Museum of Man

Video 2.1: Laetoli footprints. This video describes the process of footprints formation and explains the difference between chimpanzee footprints and Laetoli footprints (Alternative server)

Video 2.2: A snake eats a rabbit. It is difficult to recognize the snake and the rabbit on the still image. It much easier to recognize the moving snake in the video. Once you recognized them in the video, it is easy to recognize the animals on the still screenshot.

Collection of Optical Illusions on Wikipedia

Video 3.1: Human brain model

Video 3.2: Neuroscientist Jill Bolte Taylor talks about her experience during left-sided stroke - a lecture at TED conference.

Video 3.3: Neurobiologist Vilayanur Ramachandran presents a lecture at TED conference.

Video 3.4: Sherwin Nuland: My history of electroshock therapy - a lecture at TED conference

The Origins of Man by Douglas Palmer (2007; ISBN-13: 978-1845371654) - in deapth discussion of history of paleoantropology; butifully illustrated.

Animal Minds: Beyond Cognition to Consciousness by Griffin DR. ISBN: 0-226-30865-0 (2001) - in deapth discussion of animal awareness

The Case for Mental Imagery by Kosslyn et al., Oxford University Press, ISBN: 978-0195179088 (2006) - in depth discussion of available evidence that visual percept and mental image share underlying neural processes.

Mystery of the Mind: A Critical Study of Consciousness and the Human Brain by Penfield, W., Princeton University Press (1975) - Neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield invented a procedure in which he treated patients with severe epilepsy by destroying nerve cells in the brain where the seizures originated. Before operating, Penfield stimulated the brain with electrical probes while the patients were conscious on the operating table, and observed their responses. In this way he could more accurately target the areas of the brain responsible, reducing the side-effects of the surgery. This technique also allowed him to create maps of the somatosensory and motor cortices of the brain showing their connections to the various limbs and organs of the body.

Comparative Vertebrate Cognition: Are Primates Superior to Non-Primates? ISBN 978-0306477270; Chapter II: “Visual Cognition and Representation in Birds and Primates” by Vallortigara, G. (2003) - This is a comprehensive review of visual perception in birds and primates.

The Mind's Past by Michael S. Gazzaniga. University of California Press ISBN: 978-0520224865 (2000)

The Imitation Factor: Evolution Beyond The Gene by Dugatkin LA. Free Press. ISBN: 978-0684864532 (2001): Can animals learn by observation? Absolutely. This book describes one example of potato washing by Japanese macaques on Koshima Island. In 1952, scientists began feeding sweet potatoes to the monkeys so they could watch the animals' social behavior. The potatoes were cut in pieces and tossed on the ground. Monkeys do not like to eat sand, so they were rubbing sand off the potatoes with their hands. One day, a juvenile female named Imo took her sandy potatoes to the water's edge and washed them clean. By 1958, potato washing had been adopted by 14 of 15 juveniles and 2 of 11 adults. These monkeys have all since died, but the macaques at Koshima Island continue washing potatoes today. Since the behavior was transmitted through observation rather than genetics, Dugatkin concluded that it was cultural transmission.